The system of government called polity is midway between democracy and oligarchy. The subject deals with the functioning of the government in the country. This gives an understanding of the legislative, executive, judicial systems and various constitutional authorities in the country. Indian Polity and Governance which will help you study in very systematic manner.

Preamble:

1. Features of preamble
2. 42nd Amendment
3. Swaran Singh committee

Schedules:

1. Basic idea about 12 schedules

Constitution of India:

1. Basic idea about All articles
2. Historical Background
3. Drafting committee and making of the Constitution
4. Influence of other constitutions
5. Its salient features
6. Union and its Territory
7. Basic idea about All articles
8. Historical Background
9. Drafting committee and making of the Constitution
10. Influence of other constitutions

Citizenship:

1. Basic idea about Article 5-11
2. PIO, NRI, OCI and Pravasi Bharathiya Divas
3. Privileges available for Indian citizens and foreigners
4. Citizenship Amendment Act 2016
5. New policies, schemes and recent changes in voting.

Fundamental Rights (FR):

1. Basic idea about Article 12-35
2. A thorough understanding about Articles 14- 30 and Art. 32
3. Rights and privileges available to citizens of India only and both to citizens and foreigners
4. 44th amendment act
5. Different types of Writs
6. Enforcement and Exceptional cases with regard to FR’s
7. RTE and recent issues related to FR

Fundamental Duties(FD):

1. Article 51A
2. Difference between FR and FD
3. Significance and Criticism
4. Enforcement of FD’s
5. Recent issues about FD

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP):

1. Basic idea about Article and Article 36-51 and Article 368
2. Sources and key features of DPSP
3. Classification of DPSP
4. Comparison/ conflicts between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
5. Keshavananda Bharathi, Minerva Mills, Golaknath Case, Maneka Gandhi case.
6. Important Amendments- 42nd Amendment, 44th Amendment, and 97th amendment

Union:

1. Basic idea about Article 52-73
2. Qualification and Election
3. Function and Powers- (Executive, Legislative, Financial, Judicial, Diplomatic, Military and Emergency Powers)
4. Resignation and impeachment
5. Role and responsibilities and relationship with Prime minister, Council of Minister, Cabinet ministers.
6. Prime minister and council of minister- Basic idea about Article 74-75
7. Powers and Functions
8. Council of ministers
9. Resignation and Removal
10. Attorney general

Parliament:

1. Basic idea about Article related
2. Role and functions of the Parliament
3. Sessions, Motions, Parliamentary procedure – Summoning, Prorogation, Joint sitting
4. Parliamentary proceedings like Question Hour, Zero Hour, and Adjournment Motion etc.
5. Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha,
6. Special powers of Rajya Sabha
7. Anti defection law and 10th schedule
8. Parliamentary Privileges
9. Bill and law making procedure
10. Budget, funds and its summary
11. Parliamentary Committees

Judiciary:

1. Basic idea about Article related to the judiciary
2. Powers of Supreme court and high court
3. Qualification and appointment
4. Removal procedure
5. Recent controversy, verdicts, and constitutional provisions.

State Government- State Executive:

1. Governor- appointment, removal and special powers.
2. Executive, Legislative, Financial, Judicial powers and discretionary of governor
3. 7th constitutional amendment
4. Chief minister and council of ministers
5. Power of chief minister

State Legislature:

1. State legislature compared to the Parliament with regard to composition, powers, and functions.
2. Bicameral legislatures
3. Creation and abolition of the Legislative councils

Administration of Union Territories (UT):

1. Special provision for Delhi
2. Administration and jurisdiction in UT’s

Administration of Special Areas:

1. Basic idea about 5thSchedule 6th Schedule
2. Recent issues related to Administration of Special Areas
3. Special provision for Jammu and Kashmir-Article 370
4. Difference between constitutional provisions related to Jammu and Kashmir

Emergency Provisions:

1. National emergency- Article 352
2. President’s rule or State emergency- Article 356
3. Special provision for Jammu and Kashmir-Article 370
4. Financial emergency- Article 360
5. 44th amendment act
6. Effects and implications of emergency
7. Role of President in emergency time
8. The State of FR, Lok sabha, and Rajya sabha
9. Revoking emergency

State- centre and interstate relations:

1. Basic idea about Articles 262 and 263
2. Composition and functions of Interstate council and Zonal council
3. Inter-State trade and Commerce
4. Recent disputes between states, controversies etc
5. New policies or schemes which impact interstate relations

Panchayati raj and municipalities:

1. Elections, auditing, powers and authority of panchayats
2. 3 tier structure
3. 73rd Amendment Act and 74th Amendment Act
4. Relation with FR and DPSP
5. Schemes introduced
6. Metropolitan planning committee and urban development
7. Reservation

Constitution Bodies:

1. Election Commission
2. UPSC
3. SPSC
4. JPSC
5. Finance Commission
6. National Commission for SCs and ST’s
7. Composition, Powers and functions, Removal of the Constitutional bodies

Non-Constitutional Bodies:

1. Basic idea about Composition, Functions, Working of the Non-Constitutional bodies such as National Human Rights Commission, Central Information Commission, Central Vigilance Commission, Central Bureau of Investigation, State Human Rights Commission, State Information Commission etc

Tribunals:

1. Basic idea about Article 323A and tribunals under Article 323B
2. Recent controversial issues related to tribunals
3. Different tribunals and importance

Special Provisions for SC’s, ST’s, Backward Classes, Minorities and Anglo-Indians:

1. Privileges and right issued to SC’s, ST’s, Backward Classes, Minorities and Anglo-Indians
2. Issues related to vulnerable sections like women, child, SC’s, ST’s, Backward Classes, Minorities and Anglo-Indians

Current affairs:

1. Recent issues related to above-mentioned categories
2. Important schemes, programs, missions, laws, and policies launched by the government
3. Recent Government Bills and Governance- actions